{"id":33554,"date":"2023-01-18T10:45:59","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T08:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/hydrogene-dangers-et-risques-industriels\/"},"modified":"2025-11-24T11:35:35","modified_gmt":"2025-11-24T09:35:35","slug":"dangers-of-hydrogen-hazards-and-industrial-risks","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/en\/blog-olikrom\/the-expert-eye\/hydrogen-hazards-and-industrial-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"Dangers of Hydrogen: hazards and industrial risks"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"pl-33554\"  class=\"panel-layout\" ><div id=\"pg-33554-0\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-0-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-0-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2 class=\"h2-like\">Green hydrogen, the new Eldorado<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-1\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-1-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-1-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"1\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3>The hydrogen plan in France<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-2\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-2-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-2-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"2\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36114 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/img-hydrogene-licensecanva.png\" alt=\"usine hydrog\u00e8ne\" width=\"580\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/img-hydrogene-licensecanva.png 580w, https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/img-hydrogene-licensecanva-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-33554-2-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-2-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"3\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Over the last few centuries, the intensification of human activity has led us to reach many planetary limits, such as the depletion of our ecosystem and natural resources. Another issue is the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere and the quantity of greenhouse gases emitted, which are directly correlated to global warming and climate change.<\/p>\n<p>In order to face this energy crisis, reinforced by the current political and economic context, the States have committed themselves via <a href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/climatechange\/paris-agreement\">the Paris agreements<\/a> to contain global warming (target limit of 2\u00b0C between 1850 and 2100). The objective is to reduce emissions but also to substitute the need for fossil fuels with the development of new sustainable and renewable energies.<\/p>\n<p>At the heart of these alternatives, <strong>hydrogen is considered the future fuel<\/strong>. It can be produced, stored, transported and used. On the national level in France, the hydrogen industry is supported by 7 billion euros in funding, with a strong ambition for 2030:<strong> to develop green, totally carbon-free hydrogen<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-3\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-3-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-3-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"4\" ><div class=\"bordure_gauche_orange panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-33554-3-0-0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<div class=\"intermediaire_noir\">The industrial challenge of hydrogen is to participate in the energy transition through the mass production of sustainable, low-carbon hydrogen.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-4\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-4-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-4-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"5\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>This implies the large-scale deployment of manufacturing techniques (steam reforming; partial oxidation; gasification; electrolysis) and the systematic consideration of the contribution vs. energy cost balance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.carbone4.com\/en\/publication-low-carbon-hydrogen\">Carbone 4 study - October 2022: Low-carbon hydrogen: what are the relevant medium-term uses in a decarbonized world?<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>An industry in mutation<\/h3>\n<p>There are many players, as well as strategies to exploit the energy contained in hydrogen.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Some players envisage that the hydrogen is reinjected in gaseous form into a network of dedicated pipelines, either in its pure form or mixed with another gas, depending on market needs.<\/li>\n<li>Others consider a preliminary storage step, via a fuel cell. In this case, the hydrogen will be stored in gaseous or liquid form, and then used in a second step for electricity production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>If we reason globally, some factors will play a crucial role in this approach, notably the means of distribution, routing and storage of this energy on the territories in order to decarbonize the uses concerned (mobility, industry, heating \/ powering buildings, additional energy...).<\/p>\n<p>The question then arises: <strong>what are the risks involved in handling hydrogen and how can these installations be made safe?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-5\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-5-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-5-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"6\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2 class=\"h2-like\">The safety issue of hydrogen<\/h2>\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-33359\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-station.jpg\" alt=\"hydrogene-station\" width=\"1903\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-station.jpg 1903w, https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-station-300x102.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-station-1024x350.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-station-1536x525.jpg 1536w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1903px) 100vw, 1903px\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-6\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-6-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-6-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"7\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>The safety issues surrounding hydrogen are real. One of the major difficulties is the youth of this industrial sector, which is still under construction and whose deployment model is still uncertain.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Hydrogen, a flammable gas<\/h3>\n<p>First of all, hydrogen is a low toxic gas. However, it is extremely flammable and reactive.<\/p>\n<p>This gas has the capacity to form explosive mixtures with air within very large limits (4 to 77% by volume) and even explode spontaneously in case of a strong rise in temperature or pressure (massive leak in tens of bars) (source INRS).<\/p>\n<p>As a reminder, a combustible gas or liquid can ignite in contact with an oxidizer (pure oxygen, enriched air or natural air) within the limits of the proportions of the mixture known as the lower explosive limit (LEL) and the upper explosive limit (UEL) and in the presence of an energy input. Below the LEL, the mixture does not contain enough fuel to ignite and above the UEL it does not contain enough oxidizer to ignite.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-7\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-7-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-7-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"8\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-33356\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/tableau-source-ademe.png\" alt=\"tableau-source-ademe\" width=\"851\" height=\"281\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/tableau-source-ademe.png 851w, https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/tableau-source-ademe-300x99.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 851px) 100vw, 851px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-33554-7-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-7-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"9\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><em>Source ADEME : Information guide on risks and safety measures related to decentralized hydrogen production<br \/>\n<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-8\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-8-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-8-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"10\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3>The risks of hydrogen leaks<\/h3>\n<p>Taking into account the flammability of hydrogen is an omnipresent problem in industry for the protection of people and equipment, both on production and energy transformation sites and during transport or storage.<\/p>\n<p><strong>In all cases, the risks of leakage are significant<\/strong>. According to scientific estimates, the production and use of one ton of hydrogen could release between 5 and 30 kg of this gas. This range would have the same impact on the climate as 1 to 6 tons of CO2.<\/p>\n<p>Hydrogen being a very flammable gas, the <strong>risks of explosion and fire are real<\/strong> and can have great consequences.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>A challenge of training and awareness<\/h3>\n<p>Whatever the emerging uses, the handling of a highly flammable gas requires awareness and training for many industrial players.<br \/>\nEveryone, at their own level, must be aware of the need to make industrial sites safe, whether they are neophytes or already have experience with other types of energy (natural gas, for example).<\/p>\n<p>This awareness-raising process should involve all players in the industry: manufacturers of storage units (tanks, batteries), mobility players (automotive, rail, air &amp; space, etc.), infrastructure installers (distribution, recharging stations), not to mention contractors in charge of their maintenance.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-9\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-9-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-9-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"11\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h2>Innovation in the service of safety<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-10\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-10-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-10-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"12\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3>What means exist to detect hydrogen leaks?<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-11\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-11-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-11-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"13\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-36116 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-usine-licensecanva.png\" alt=\"usine \u00e0 hydrog\u00e8ne futur\" width=\"580\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-usine-licensecanva.png 580w, https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/01\/hydrogene-usine-licensecanva-300x220.png 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 580px) 100vw, 580px\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pgc-33554-11-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-11-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"14\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<p>Today, there are <strong>different methods to detect a hydrogen leak<\/strong>. The classic approach of using soapy water to create bubbles on each candidate component can be used.<\/p>\n<p>There are also microelectronic hydrogen sensors (sniffers) that work with semiconductors, by catalytic oxidation. These devices are very efficient for some uses but have some limitations. In particular, they require an energy supply (electricity), which is not always possible, and which leads to <strong>a significant risk of explosiveness<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the detection is localized, punctual. For example, the use of electronic sensors to monitor the possibility of a hydrogen leak along a pipeline is impossible. It would require the installation of a complex network of sensors.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-12\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-no-style\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-12-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-12-0-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"15\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3>Where to detect hydrogen leaks?<\/h3>\n<p>The major difficulty in detecting a hydrogen leak is the multitude of places to inspect. Traditionally, with a conventional gas, the main cause of leakage is located around the connections, junctions and welds.<\/p>\n<p>With hydrogen, the situation is much more complex. Hydrogen molecules are small. The origins of hydrogen leaks are multiple:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Permeation through certain types of materials due to the very small size of the hydrogen molecules,<\/li>\n<li>Wear of critical parts due to corrosion or simple mechanical fatigue,<\/li>\n<li>Leakage inherent to a bad crimping, tightening but also after exposure to repeated vibrations,<\/li>\n<li>Complete rupture following an external shock, an overpressure, or a sudden rise in temperature.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3>Color change paints: hydrogen leak detection<\/h3>\n<p>Using our unique know-how in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/en\/the-intelligence-of-colors\/\">color intelligence<\/a>, our teams at OliKrom's <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/en\/research-department\/\">research and development department<\/a> have <strong>designed and produced color-changing materials with the aim of tracing hydrogen leakage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>We exploit the properties of certain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/en\/chemochromic-materials\/\">chemochromic materials<\/a> that are <strong>capable of changing color under the influence of a gas<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>The <strong>production of hydrogen reactive inks and paints<\/strong> is a valuable tool for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/en\/predictive-maintenance\/\">predictive maintenance<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/en\/industrial-safety\/\">industrial safety<\/a>. It allows to track hydrogen leakage on large surfaces, and in their entirety (tanks, metallic structures or technical textiles) whatever the environmental conditions: indoor or outdoor use, exposure to frost, strong heat, bad weather.<\/p>\n<p>The<strong> use of color-changing inks and paints to signal a hydrogen leak<\/strong> has the advantage of being understandable by everyone, without the need for a computer.<br \/>\nAnother advantage of this approach is that it is a chemical phenomenon programmed on the scale of the material, which does not require any energy or electricity. The change of color occurs autonomously, only when the detection threshold is exceeded.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div id=\"pg-33554-13\"  class=\"panel-grid panel-has-style\" ><div class=\"siteorigin-panels-stretch panel-row-style panel-row-style-for-33554-13\" data-stretch-type=\"full\" ><div id=\"pgc-33554-13-0\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell panel-grid-cell-empty\" ><\/div><div id=\"pgc-33554-13-1\"  class=\"panel-grid-cell\" ><div id=\"panel-33554-13-1-0\" class=\"so-panel widget widget_sow-editor panel-first-child panel-last-child\" data-index=\"16\" ><div class=\"fond_point_gauche animation_droite_gauche panel-widget-style panel-widget-style-for-33554-13-1-0\" ><div\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\tclass=\"so-widget-sow-editor so-widget-sow-editor-base\"\n\t\t\t\n\t\t>\n<div class=\"siteorigin-widget-tinymce textwidget\">\n\t<h3 class=\"intermediaire_bleu\" style=\"text-align: left;\">Do you have a security issue?<\/h3>\n<div>\n<p>Our teams of experts are at your service with complete discretion. <strong style=\"font-size: 1em;\">Our expertise allows us to intervene in all industrial sectors<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>As experts in pigment synthesis and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.olikrom.com\/en\/process-department\/\">formulation of reactive inks and paints<\/a>, our teams are able to calibrate not only the desired effect (color modulation in the visible, infrared &amp; ultraviolet) but also its activation conditions (percentage of hydrogen, calibrated leakage, exposure time).<\/p>\n<p>We also customize the reversible (instantaneous information) or irreversible (permanently altered structure) property.<\/p>\n<div>\n<p>Do you have a project related to the security of hydrogen piloting? Our teams will get back to you as soon as possible.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Green hydrogen, the new Eldorado The hydrogen plan in France<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":36119,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[387],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-33554","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-the-expert-eye"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Hydrogen: dangers &amp; industrial risks<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"At the heart of green alternatives, hydrogen is considered the fuel of the future. 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